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camber
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Intentional vertical curve built into a beam or truss to offset load deflection or to improve its appearance.
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cambium
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A thin layer of tissue between the bark and wood that repeatedly subdivides to form new wood and bark cells.
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cantilever
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A projecting structural member which is rigidly fixed at one end but unsupported at the other
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carbon sink
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A carbon sink is something that removes or stores carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, for example growing vegetation.
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case hardening
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A drying defect characterised by the presence of compression stresses in the outer zone and tensile stresses in the core. It occurs when rapid drying has caused permanent set of the outer zones of a piece of wood.
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casein glue
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An adhesive, primarily for internal use, prepared from casein, sodium silicate, lime, soda and other compounds. It was used largely in plywood manufacturer, has some resistance to water but is not waterproof, ages well and can be made resistant to mould.
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cathedral cut
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A variation of the crown cut method of slicing veneers. The growth rings are exactly parallel to the slicer, producing on the face of the veneer an inverted 'V' figure resembling the spire of a cathedral.
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cca
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Copper chrome arsenate, a wood preservative
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cell
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In wood anatomy, a general term for the minute units of wood structure that have distinct walls and cavities, including wood fibres, vessel segments, and other elements of diverse structure and function. In dense hardwoods, the fibre cells are thick walled and make up the major part of whole zones of wood. These fibrous zones dry slowly.
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cellulose
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The carbohydrate that is the principal constituent of wood and forms the framework of wood cells.
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certification
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Forest certification refers to the assessment of forest management by an independent third party auditor according to performance criteria for sustainable wood production.
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chain of custody
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The process by which the source of a timber product is verified. This entails ‘tracking’ the timber from the forest through all the steps of the production process until it reaches the end user. The process is usually necessary before a timber product can be labelled as being produced from a sustainable source.
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check
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A separation of fibres along the grain forming a fissure, but not extending through the piece from face to face. Checks commonly resulting from stresses built up during seasoning. They run radially, across the growth rings.
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chisel
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A wedge-like, sharp-edged tool used for cutting or shaping timber.
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chord
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Either of the two outside members of a truss (a) connected and braced by the web (b) members. The term also applies to beam flanges or the perimeter members of a plywood diaphragm.
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cladding
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The external covering or skin of walls of a building. Timber cladding includes natural or treated timber boards, and plywood.
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clear span
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The clear horizontal distance between the supports of a load bearing member
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cleavage test
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A test that measures the resistance of a timber to splitting longitudinally along the radial and tangential planes
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clerestory
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A window, or row of windows, in the upper part of a room where it can admit light from above an adjacent roof
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close- grained wood
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Wood with narrow, inconspicuous growth rings. The term is sometimes used to designate wood having small and closely spaced pores, but in this sense the term "fine textured" is more often used.
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coach screw
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Similar to a wood screw except larger and with a hexagonal head so that it can be turned with a spanner.
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coarse-grained wood
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Wood with wide conspicuous growth rings in which there is considerable difference between earlywood and latewood. The term is sometimes used to designate wood with large pores, but in this sense the term "coarse textured" is more often used.
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collapse
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The flattening of single cells or rows of cells during the drying or pressure treatment of wood. Often characterised by a caved-in or corrugated ("washboarded") appearance of the wood surface.
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collar tie
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A horizontal board that connects pairs of rafters on opposite roof slopes.
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column
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A free standing axially loaded compression member, usually vertical.
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comprehensive regional assessments
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A joint assessment of all forest values (environmental, heritage, economic and social) undertaken by the Commonwealth and State – leading to the establishment of a CAR reserve system, agreements on sustainable forest management, and the signing of a Regional Forest Agreement.
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compression
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A state or condition of being pushed or shortened by a force.
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compression failure
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Deformation or fracture of wood fibres across the grain resulting from excessive compression along the grain.
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compression seat
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A fabricated or cast metal bracket into which timber structural members abut, used to joint timber compression elements to other structural members.
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conditioning treatment
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A treatment applied to equilibrate the moisture content of wood to a particular value.
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conservation
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The sustainable use of forest resources in a manner that does not degrade the collective resource values of a region over the long term
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continuity strap
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A piece of flat steel fixed over a butt joint between timber beams to provide a continuos tension connection.
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control joint
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A vertical or horizontal gap, filled or unfilled, to accommodate differential movement between various elements of a construction
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corbel
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A length of timber laid horizontally on the top of a column to transfer loads and to provide a seat for beams. A compound corbel includes several lengths of timber instead of one.
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correction
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Species - An adjustment of the readings of the resistance-type electrical moisture meter to compensate for different species of wood. Corrections are tabulated in AS/NZS 1080 1:1997
Temperature - An adjustment of the readings of the resistance-type electrical moisture meter to compensate for changes in the temperature of wood. Corrections are tabulated in AS/NZS 1080 1:1997
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coupe
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A defined area of forest, usually with consistent characteristics.
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coupler
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A metal sleeve threaded internally and used to connect threaded rods or bolts
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creep
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Increase in deformation following prolonged loading.
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cripple
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A cut in an unseasoned joist, bearer or stud designed to reduce movement in a floor or wall as the structural timber seasons.
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criteria and indicators
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A criterion is a category of conditions or processes by which sustainable forest management may be assessed. A criterion is characterised by a set of related indicators that are monitored periodically to assess change. An indicator is a measure (measurement) of an aspect of the criterion. An indicator can be quantitative or qualitative variable which can be measured or described and which, when observed periodically, demonstrates trends.
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cross cut
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To cut across the grain.
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cross grain
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An arrangement in which the fibres and other longitudinal elements of a piece of wood deviate from a line parallel with the edges of the piece.
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crown cut
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A method of slicing veneers whereby the average inclination of the growth rings to the wider face is tangential or less than 45 degrees. This method is also known as flat cut.
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cruciform
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In the shape of a cross
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cup
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A concave curvature across the grain or width of the a piece of timber.
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cure
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To change the properties of an adhesive by chemical reaction (which may be condensation, polymerisation, or vulcanisation) and thereby develop maximum strength.
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